Resumo A difusão espacial da devoção a Toribio Romo se intensificou devido à migração de mexicanos para os Estados Unidos. Será argumentado como, a partir da experiência de mobilidade dos migrantes crentes, a devoção ao santo se estende a novos territórios e sujeitos crentes em diferentes escalas geográficas, devido a contextos históricos e socioculturais. Esses contextos históricos são reforçados e constroem vínculos com seus lugares de origem por meio de práticas e tradições religiosas através da imagem de Toribio Romo. Para isso, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura sobre difusão espacial para explicar a expansão da devoção Além disso, a expansão da devoção entre o México e os Estados Unidos será representada cartograficamente por meio de trabalho de campo usando a metodologia de etnografia multisituada.

Abstract The spatial diffusion of the devotion to Toribio Romo has intensified due to the migration of Mexicans to the United States. It will be discussed how, from the experience of mobility of believing migrants, the devotion to the saint extends to new territories and believers across different geographical scales, influenced by historical and socio-cultural contexts, which are reinforced and establish connections with their places of origin through religious practices and traditions through the image of Toribio Romo. To achieve this purpose, a bibliographical review of the spatial diffusion is presented to explain the expansion of the devotion. Additionally, the expansion of the devotion between Mexico and the United States will be mapped through fieldwork conducted under the methodology of multi-sited ethnography.

Resumen La difusión espacial de la devoción a Toribio Romo se ha intensificado debido a la migración de mexicanos hacia Estados Unidos; se argumentará cómo a partir de la experiencia de movilidad de los migrantes creyentes, la devoción al santo se extiende a nuevos territorios y sujetos creyentes en distintas escalas geográficas debido a contextos históricos y socioculturales, las cuales se refuerzan y construyen vínculos con sus lugares de origen mediante prácticas y tradiciones religiosas a través de la imagen a Toribio Romo. Para cumplir dicho fin, se muestra una revisión bibliográfica sobre la difusión espacial para explicar la expansión de la devoción, asimismo, a partir de la realización de trabajo de campo bajo la metodología de la etnografía multisituada, se representará cartográficamente la expansión de la devoción entre México y Estados Unidos.

Resumen Antecedentes: La adolescencia está marcada por búsqueda de la novedad y acentuada sensibilidad a las propiedades estresantes de los estímulos novedosos. A pesar de la necesidad de probar nuevos alimentos potencialmente tóxicos durante el periodo de crecimiento adolescente, la neofobia gustativa y su atenuación durante este periodo apenas ha sido estudiada. Método: Se evaluaron la neofobia gustativa y los procesos de memoria relacionados en ratas Wistar macho y hembra adolescentes (PND28) y adultas (PND70). En los Experimentos 1 y 2 Se exploró la atenuación de la neofobia gustativa a soluciones de vinagre de sidra (3%) y sacarina sódica (0,1%), respectivamente. En los experimentos 3 y 4, se evaluó también la inhibición latente de aversiones gustativas y la memoria de reconocimiento de objetos. Resultados: Adolescentes y adultos mostraron neofobia gustativa a la sacarina, pero las ratas adolescentes requirieron más exposiciones a la solución de vinagre para reconocerla como segura. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en los Experimentos 3 and 4. No se hallaron efectos significativos del sexo. Conclusiones: A pesar de la ampliamente aceptada asociación entre adolescencia y reducida neofobia, las ratas adolescentes muestran neofobia al sabor que resulta incluso incrementada cuando se trata de sabores ácidos.

Abstract Background: Adolescence in mammals is a period marked by increased novelty-seeking and enhanced responsiveness to the stressful properties of novel stimuli. Despite the need to taste potentially toxic novel foods during the adolescent growth spurt, there has been little study of taste neophobia and its attenuation. Method: Four experiments were carried out to compare taste neophobia and related memory processes in male and female adolescent (PND28) and adult (PND70) Wistar rats. Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated attenuation of taste neophobia to cider vinegar (3%) and sodium saccharin (0.1%) solutions were evaluated. Additionally, to test the role of memory in neophobia during adolescence, latent inhibition of taste aversion and object recognition memory were assessed in Experiment 3 and Experiment 4, respectively. Results: Adolescent and adult rats exhibited taste neophobia to the saccharin solution but adolescent rats required more exposure trials than adults to recognize the vinegar solution as safe. Both groups exhibited similar latent inhibition of taste aversion and object recognition memory. No sex effect was significant. Conclusions: Contrary to the accepted view associating adolescence with reduced neophobia, adolescent rats exhibited taste neophobia which even increased when sour tastes were encountered.

Resumo Introdução. A educação das crianças requer novas propostas de treinamento, cada vez mais relevantes para seu potencial de desenvolvimento, para o qual o filosofia com crianças é uma nova alternativa filosófica e educacional. Objetivo. Realizar um estudo sistemático baseado em uma metodologia de revisão documental que descreve o pensamento multidimensional, habilidades de pensamento e experiências avaliativas em filosofia com crianças. Metodologia. Com base na metodologia de revisão documental, com um estudo de 64 documentos, são estabelecidas como categorias de análise o pensamento multidimensional, a capacidade de pensar e a avaliação. Resultados. As principais conclusões são o fortalecimento do pensamento multidimensional como contribuição do filosofia com crianças para a educação infantil, seus benefícios, juntamente com o papel do facilitador para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento; e as metodologias de avaliação que favorecem o desenvolvimento do pensamento multidimensional nas crianças. Conclusão. Revela-se que filosofia com crianças gerencia uma relação recíproca e bidirecional entre o desenvolvimento do pensamento multidimensional, da capacidade de pensar e da avaliação, a partir da qual mobiliza ações educacionais relevantes para a educação infantil.

Resumen Introducción. La educación de las infancias demanda de nuevas propuestas formativas, cada vez más pertinentes por su potencial de desarrollo, para ello FpN se manifiesta como una alternativa filosófico educativa novedosa. Objetivo. Realizar un estudio sistemático a partir de la metodología de revisión documental que describa el pensamiento multidimensional, las habilidades de pensamiento y las experiencias evaluativas en FpN. Metodología. A partir de la metodología de revisión documental, con un estudio de 64 documentos, se establecen como categorías de análisis el pensamiento multidimensional, las habilidades de pensamiento y la evaluación. Resultados. Como principales hallazgos se destacan el fortalecimiento del pensamiento multidimensional como una contribución de FpN a la educación infantil y sus beneficios; junto con el rol de la persona facilitadora para el desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento; y las metodologías evaluativas que favorecen el desarrollo del pensamiento multidimensional en los niños y las niñas. Conclusión. Se devela que FpN gestiona una relación recíproca y bidireccional entre el desarrollo del pensamiento multidimensional, habilidades de pensamiento y evaluación, desde la cual moviliza acciones educativas pertinentes para la educación de la infancia.

Abstract Introduction. The education of children demands new training proposals, which are more pertinent for developing their potential, for which P4C is a new philosophical and educational alternative. Aim. To carry out a systematic study based on the documentary review methodology that describes multidimensional thinking, thinking skills, and evaluative experiences in P4C. Method. Based on the documentary review methodology, after the study of 64 documents, the categories of analysis are established as multidimensional thinking, thinking skills, and evaluation. Results. As the main findings, the strengthening of multidimensional thinking as a contribution of P4C to early childhood education, its benefits, together with the role of the facilitator for the development of thinking skills; and the evaluative methodologies in favor of the development of multidimensional thinking in children stand out. Conclusion. The research reveals that P4C manages a reciprocal and bidirectional relationship between the development of multidimensional thinking, thinking skills, and evaluation, from which it mobilizes pertinent educational actions for early childhood education.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wound complications and pharmacological pain relief methods used at the skin surgical site after cesarean delivery may result in women’s physical and emotional burden. Thus, nonpharmacological treatments must be explored to avoid these complications and side effects on maternal health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Combined Ultrasound and Electric Field Stimulation (CUSEFS) on cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. METHODS: This study has a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design. Thirty women (25.7±5.0 years) in immediate postpartum were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG, n:11), and Placebo (PG, n:10). CUSEFS was performed once for 20 minutes. Cicatricial pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and functional capacity (Functional Capacity Check) was assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and after 30 minutes. Cohen’s (d) and Mixed-design analysis of variance were used to compare groups. RESULTS: Immediately after the intervention, TG showed a decrease in cicatricial pain compared with CG in sensory (d:3.8 to 4.0), affective (d:4.0), and total categories (d:3.9). In functional capacity, TG had less difficulty than CG at walking (d:0.6) and lying down (d:1.1), and PG at rest (d: 0.9). CONCLUSION: CUSEFS might be a resource for managing cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. Further studies with longer duration and different CUSEFS doses/parameters are required.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações na ferida e o uso de métodos farmacológicos de alívio da dor no local cirúrgico após a cesariana podem resultar em sobrecarga física e emocional para a mulher. Assim, tratamentos não farmacológicos devem ser explorados para evitar essas complicações e efeitos adversos à saúde materna. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da terapia combinada de estimulação elétrica por meio do ultrassom (CUSEFS) na dor cicatricial e na capacidade funcional no pós-parto imediato de cesariana. MÉTODOS: Este estudo possui um desenho de ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo. Trinta mulheres (25,7±5,0 anos) em pós-parto imediato de cesariana foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: Controle (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG:11) e Placebo (PG, n:10). O CUSEFS foi realizado uma vez por 20 minutos. A dor cicatricial (Questionário de Dor McGill) e a capacidade funcional (Functional Capacity Check) foram avaliadas no início, após a intervenção e após 30 minutos. As análises de variância de design misto e Cohen (d) foram usadas para comparar os grupos. RESULTADOS: Imediatamente após a intervenção, o TG apresentou diminuição na dor cicatricial em relação ao CG nas categorias sensorial (d:3,8 a 4,0), afetiva (d:4,0) e total (d:3,9). Na capacidade funcional, o TG apresentou menor dificuldade que o CG na marcha (d:0,6) e deitado (d:1,1), e que o PG em repouso (d:0,9). CONCLUSÃO: O CUSEFS pode ser um recurso para o manejo da dor cicatricial e da capacidade funcional imediatamente após a cesariana. Além disso, são necessários mais estudos com maior duração e diferentes doses/parâmetros de CUSEFS.

Objective: to examine the repercussions of the pandemic on the family system by focusing on the perspective of family members who contracted and experienced COVID-19. Method: an exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted with 27 individuals who had COVID-19. Data collection took place through telephone interviews that were audio-recorded and guided by a semi-structured instrument. Data analysis was based on an inductive process supported by Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results: the pandemic and illness of a family member acted as driving forces generating new and intense movements in the family system. Initially, they noticed negative repercussions such as concerns, fear, anguish, stress, distancing and social isolation. As time progressed and by using technologies to ease communication, they began to perceive positive repercussions such as increased proximity, strengthening of ties, development of new roles and care. The families also identified recovery of a balanced position, with return of certain readjustment in family dynamics and functioning. Conclusion: health professionals need to recognize that the COVID-19 disease has imposed repercussions on family systems, proposing interventions that help families face this moment and more easily recover a balanced position for their functioning.

Objetivo: examinar las repercusiones de la pandemia en el sistema familiar enfocándose en la perspectiva de familiares que han contraído y padecido COVID-19. Método: estudio exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo realizado con 27 personas que tuvieron COVID-19. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de entrevistas telefónicas que se grabaron en audio y estuvieron guiadas por un instrumento semiestructurado. El análisis se basó en un proceso inductivo respaldado por Análisis Temático Reflexivo. Resultados: la pandemia y el hecho de que un familiar contrajera la enfermedad fueron fuerzas impulsoras que generaron movilizaciones nuevas e intensas en el sistema familiar. Inicialmente, notaron repercusiones negativas como preocupaciones, temor, angustia, estrés, distanciamiento y aislamiento social. Con el paso del tiempo y empleando tecnologías para facilitar la comunicación, comenzaron a percibir repercusiones positivas como más cercanía, fortalecimiento de vínculos, desarrollo de nuevos roles y cuidado mutuo. Las familias también identificaron que recuperaban una posición de equilibrio, con retorno de cierto reajuste en la dinámica y el funcionamiento familiar. Conclusión: los profesionales de la salud deben admitir que la enfermedad por COVID-19 ha generado repercusiones en los sistemas familiares, además de proponer intervenciones que ayuden a las familias a hacer frente a este momento y a recuperar más fácilmente una posición de equilibrio para su buen funcionamiento.

Objetivo: examinar as repercussões da pandemia no sistema familiar a partir da perspectiva dos familiares que contraíram e vivenciaram a COVID-19. Método: estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 27 indivíduos que tiveram COVID-19. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas telefônicas gravadas em áudio e guiadas por um instrumento semiestruturado. A análise dos dados baseou-se num processo indutivo apoiado na Análise Temática Reflexiva. Resultados: a pandemia e o adoecimento de um familiar atuaram como motores geradores de novos e intensos movimentos no sistema familiar. Inicialmente, perceberam repercussões negativas como preocupações, medo, angústia, estresse, distanciamento e isolamento social. Com o passar do tempo e com o uso das tecnologias para facilitar a comunicação, os familiares começaram a perceber repercussões positivas como maior proximidade, fortalecimento dos laços, desenvolvimento de novos papéis e cuidado. As famílias também identificaram recuperação de uma posição equilibrada, com retorno de certo reajuste na dinâmica e funcionamento familiar. Conclusão: os profissionais de saúde precisam reconhecer que a doença COVID-19 impôs repercussões nos sistemas familiares, propondo intervenções que ajudem as famílias a enfrentar esse momento e recuperar mais facilmente uma posição equilibrada para seu funcionamento.

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad oftálmica relacionada con IgG4 (EOR-IgG4) presenta una frecuencia del 11-59%. Pocos estudios describen las disparidades con los pacientes con ER-IgG4 extraoftálmica (NO EOR-IgG4). Objetivos: describir las características clínicas, imagenológicas, anatomopatológicas, resultados de laboratorio y tratamiento de la EOR-IgG4, y compararlas con las de los pacientes NO EOR-IgG4. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre una cohorte de 54 pacientes con ER-IgG4. Se reclutaron 16 pacientes con EOR-IgG4 y 38 con NO EOR-IgG4. Se compararon ambos grupos. Resultados: la EOR-IgG4 predominó en mujeres. El 75% presentó afectación oftálmica bilateral. El antecedente de asma se asoció al grupo NO EOR-IgG4 (p=0,018). Los pacientes con EOR-IgG4 presentaron niveles séricos menores de IgE e IgG total, y la glándula lagrimal fue la estructura más afectada. Predominó el infiltrado linfoplasmocitario y eosinofílico, siendo la fibrosis estoriforme más frecuente que la no estoriforme en el grupo EOR-IgG4. Conclusiones: si bien los resultados fueron similares a lo reportado previamente, en discordancia con otras series, encontramos asociación negativa entre el asma y los niveles de IgG total sérica en los pacientes EOR-IgG4.

Abstract Introduction: IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) presents a frequency of 11-58.8%. Few studies describe the disparities with patients with extraophthalmic IgG4-related disease (NOT IgG4-ROD). Objectives: describe the clinical, imaging, pathological characteristics, laboratory results, and treatment of IgG4-ROD characteristics; and compare them with those of the NOT IgG4-ROD patients. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was carried out on a cohort of 54 patients with ER-IgG4. 16 patients with IgG4-ROD and 38 with NOT IgG4-ROD were recruited. The data was analyzed with the SPSS Statistics 19 software. Results: IgG4-ROD predominated in women. 75% presented bilateral ophthalmic involvement. A history of asthma was associated with the NOT IgG4-ROD group (p=0,018). Patients with IgG4-ROD presented lower serum levels of IgE and total IgG, and the lacrimal gland was the most affected structure. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic infiltrates predominated, with storiform fibrosis being more frequent than non-storiform in the IgG4-ROD group. Conclusions: although the results were similar to those previously reported, in disagreement with other series, we found a negative association between asthma and serum total IgG levels with EOR-IgG4 patients.

ABSTRACT Thousands of seahorses are traded every year as marine ornamental species. Although packing methods for live adult seahorses have already been addressed, there is no information on the transportation of juvenile seahorses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of packing and transportation for newly-birthed seahorses. Three batches of newborn long-snout seahorses Hippocampus reidi were transported in three independent events from Ubatuba, north coast of São Paulo, to the city of São Paulo, covering 248 km in each trip, with an average duration of 3.5 h. A mean of 350 offspring of one day old was distributed in 1 L containers with round borders at equal densities, provided with constant aeration by portable pumps. Aeration was kept so that large bubbles would create an ascending flow keeping juveniles in suspension throughout transportation. Values of survival achieved in this study, even after 10 days post-transportation, were surprisingly high, reaching over 70%. No significant shift in water temperature, pH, or salinity was observed for any transportation events. For oxygen levels, although portable pumps were used, a drop of around 15% in DO level was recorded. In view of the trending ornamental fish market, considering the limited swimming capacity of newly born seahorses and that a great number of marine fish undergo a planktonic phase, this study provides important directions to a better understanding on seahorse transportation and yet, directions for the design of new transport methodology for an efficient shipping protocol for other species.

Abstract Pozner, R.; D. Salariato, C. A. Zanotti, L. M. Zavala-Gallo & F. O. Zuloaga. 2023. Multiple access key to identify the families of Angiosperms of the Argentinian flora. Darwiniana, nueva serie 11(1): 115-138. Considering the progress of the Flora Vascular de la República Argentina project, we introduce the first interactive, multi-access key to the angiosperm families of the Argentinian Flora. The key is an open resource, built under Lucid ™ software, and available through the Flora Argentina site (https://clave.floraargentina.edu.ar/), with an on-line form for the user’s suggestions. We explain the advantages of multi-access keys versus dichotomous keys, briefly describe how the key was built, and how Lucid tools can be applied (Spanish version) for a better use of the key.

Resumen Pozner, R.; D. Salariato, C. A. Zanotti, L. M. Zavala-Gallo & F. O. Zuloaga. 2023. Clave de accesos múltiples para identificar las familias de Angiospermas de la flora argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 11(1): 115-138. En vista del grado de avance del proyecto de la Flora Vascular de la República Argentina, se presenta la primera entrega de una clave interactiva de accesos múltiples para identificar las familias de Angiospermas de la Flora Argentina. Esta clave está construida en formato Lucid ™, es de uso abierto a través de la página web del proyecto Flora Argentina (https://clave.floraargentina.edu.ar/), con un formulario para el envío de sugerencias y correcciones por parte de los usuarios. Mencionamos las ventajas de las claves de accesos múltiples frente a las claves dicotómicas, explicamos cómo se realizó la construcción de la clave, y describimos las funciones básicas para su uso en línea.

Resumen Objetivo: Se planteó un estudio cuyo objetivo principal fue cuantificar el cambio en el número de pacientes con edad ≥74 años en tratamiento crónico con dosis altas de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) (> 150 mg), después de una estrategia de intervención del farmacéutico de atención primaria (FAP). Método: estudio transversal de intervención en pacientes ≥74 años con AAS >150 mg, dispensados en un periodo de 6 meses (enero-julio 2021), en 40 centros de salud. Resultados: 731 pacientes ≥74 años con dosis altas de AAS (3,6%). 56,6% mujeres, edad media=85,0 años (IC 95% 84,6-85,5); media de años con AAS > 150 mg = 6,5 (IC 95% 6,2-6,8). Se consiguió una reducción de la dosis en 394 pacientes (53,9%; IC 95% 50,2 -57,6). El número total de pacientes y porcentaje en el que la aceptación de la intervención fue mayor del 50% según el diagnóstico fue: insuficiencia venosa (n=8; 87,5%), enfermedad trombótica venosa (n=4; 75,0%), diagnóstico incierto (n=56; 69,6%), fibrilación auricular (n=25; 64,0%), prevención primaria de enfermedad cardiovascular (n=102; 62,7%), arteriopatía periférica (n=22; 54,5%) y accidente cerebrovascular (n= 362; 51,7%). Un 17,2% (IC 95% 14,57-20,17) no estaban en tratamiento concomitante con un IBP. Conclusiones: a pesar de la evidencia científica, se siguen encontrando prescripciones de AAS a dosis altas en mayores, exponiéndoles a un mayor riesgo de hemorragias. Esta estrategia ha sido eficaz ya que ha permitido adecuar la dosis a más de la mitad de los pacientes. Los FAP pueden desempeñar una importante labor en la detección y resolución de potenciales reacciones adversas.

Abstract Objective: A study was proposed whose main objective was to evaluate the variation in the number of patients aged ≥74 years in chronic treatment with high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (> 150 mg), after a primary care pharmacist intervention strategy. Methods: It was carried out a cross-sectional and interventional study in ≥74 years old patients treated with ASA >150 mg, dispensed in a period of 6 months (January-July 2021), in 40 health centers. Results: the total number of patients was 731. 56.6% women, mean age=85.0 years (95% CI 84.6-85.5); mean years on treatment with ASA > 150 mg = 6.5 (95% CI 6.2-6.8). A dose reduction was achieved in 394 patients (53.9%; 95% CI 50.2-57.6). The total number of patients and percentage in which the acceptance of the intervention was greater than 50% according to the diagnosis was: venous insufficiency (n=8; 87.5%), venous thrombotic disease (n=4; 75.0%), uncertain diagnosis (n=56; 69.6%), atrial fibrillation (n=25; 64.0%), primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (n=102; 62.7%), peripheral artery disease (n=22 54.5%), stroke (n= 362, 51.7%). 17.2% were not receiving concomitant treatment with a PPI. (IC) Conclusions: despite of the scientific evidence, prescription of a high dose of ASA is still occurring in older patients, increasing bleeding risk without any benefit. This strategy was effective since ASA dose was adjusted in more than half of the affected patients. Primary Care Pharmacists can play an important role in the detection and resolution of potential adverse effects.

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus, correlating it with urological pathologies, imaging exams and surgeries of the female pelvis, especially for treatment of endometriosis. Material and Methods We carried out a review about the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis. We analyzed papers published in the past 20 years in the databases of Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials, and opinions of specialists. We also studied two human fixed female corpses and microsurgical dissection material with a stereoscopic magnifying glass with 2.5x magnification. Results Classical anatomical studies provide few details of the morphology of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) or the location and nature of the associated nerves. The fusion of pelvic splanchnic nerves, sacral splanchnic nerves, and superior hypogastric plexus together with visceral afferent fibers form the IHP. The surgeon’s precise knowledge of the anatomical relationship between the hypogastric nerve and the uterosacral ligament is essential to reduce the risk of complications and postoperative morbidity of patients surgically treated for deep infiltrative endometriosis involving the uterosacral ligament. Conclusion Accurate knowledge of the innervation of the female pelvis is of fundamental importance for prevention of possible injuries and voiding dysfunctions as well as the evacuation mechanism in the postoperative period. Imaging exams such as nuclear magnetic resonance are interesting tools for more accurate visualization of the distribution of the hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis.

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is a conscious perception of a sound resulting from abnormal activity within the nervous system. A relevant percentage of tinnitus patients report symptoms severe enough to significantly affect quality of life, including sleep disorders. Objectives To analyze the sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in participants with tinnitus. Methods The sample comprised 18 adults and older adults aged between 18 and 85 years old (mean age = 58.7 ± 17.5 years old), females and males, with complaint of continuous tinnitus for > 1 month. The instruments used were the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the STOP-Bang questionnaire. Results By means of the THI questionnaire, the tinnitus severity degree reported by most participants was mild (27.8%) and moderate (27.8%), having a positive (r = 0.582) and significant (0.011) correlation to sleep quality, measured by means of the Pittsburgh questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between the Insomnia Severity Index and tinnitus handicap (r = 0.499; p = 0.035). A total of 72.2% of the participants self-assessed their sleep quality as poor, in addition to moderate insomnia (27.8%), although there is low risk of OSA (66.7%), without complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness (72.2%). Conclusion Subjects with tinnitus complaint self-rated their sleep quality as poor. Moreover, the higher the reported tinnitus handicap, the greater the symptoms of insomnia. There was no influence of tinnitus in relation to daytime sleepiness and no relationship between the severity of tinnitus and the risk of OSA.

Adolescence, a vulnerable stage in human development, requires adequate adaptation processes to face changes. The research was carried out to compare emotional intelligence and behavioral adaptation between adolescents in institutional care and adolescents in the school support area of the Proyecto Salesiano Foundation Ecuador Granja Don Bosco, based on the positivist paradigm, under a non-experimental cross-sectional design, with a descriptive quantitative approach and a comparative methodology. Eighty-five adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age participated in the research. They were administered the Emotional Intelligence test Bar On Ice Na, the Bell's Adaptation Inventory (BAI), and a sociodemographic form. The results show that 50.9% of adolescents in institutional care have behavioral problems, and in the comparative analysis, no significant differences were found between the groups (pgt;0.5). In the correlation, the moderate statistical significance of mood with stress management (rs=,662**) was observed in the school reinforcement group. In contrast, in the institutional foster care group, there was a low negative correlation rs= -.347* of adaptability with social adaptation.

La adolescencia, etapa vulnerable en el desarrollo humano, requiere contar con adecuados procesos de adaptación para enfrentar los cambios que se presentan. Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de comparar la inteligencia emocional y la adaptación conductual entre adolescentes de acogimiento institucional y adolescentes del área de refuerzo escolar de la Fundación Proyecto Salesiano Ecuador Granja Don Bosco, fundamentada en el paradigma positivista, bajo un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y metodología comparativa. Participaron 85 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años a quienes se aplicó el test de Inteligencia Emocional Bar On Ice Na, el Inventario de Adaptación Conductual (IAC) y una ficha sociodemográfica. Los resultados reflejan que el 50,9 % de adolescentes en acogimiento institucional presenta problemas de conducta, además, en el análisis comparado no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (pgt;0.5). En la correlación, se observó significancia estadística moderada del estado de ánimo con el manejo del estrés (rs= ,662**), en el grupo de refuerzo escolar, mientras que en el grupo de acogimiento institucional una correlación baja negativa rs= -,347* de adaptabilidad, con adaptación social.

A adolescência, fase vulnerável do desenvolvimento humano, requer processos de adaptação adequados para enfrentar as mudanças que ocorrem. Foi realizada uma investigação com o objetivo de comparar a inteligência emocional e a adaptação comportamental entre adolescentes em acolhimento institucional e adolescentes da área de reforço escolar da Fundação Projeto Salesiano Equador Granja Don Bosco, com base no paradigma positivista, sob uma abordagem não experimental delineamento de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritivo e metodologia comparativa. Participaram 85 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, aos quais foram aplicados o teste Bar On Ice Na Inteligência Emocional, o Inventário de Adaptação Comportamental (IAC) e uma ficha sociodemográfica. Os resultados mostram que 50,9% dos adolescentes em acolhimento institucional apresentam problemas comportamentais, além disso, na análise comparativa não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (pgt;0,5). Na correlação, foi observada significância estatística moderada de humor com gerenciamento de estresse (rs= .662**), no grupo de reforço escolar, enquanto no grupo de colocação institucional uma correlação negativa baixa rs= -, 347* adaptabilidade, com adaptação social.

Resumen Introducción. El fique, del género Furcraea que son utilizadas para la fabricación de fibras biodegradables. Su importancia industrial y social en países latinoamericanos es significativa y suele estar relacionada con economías familiares y campesinas. No obstante, para este grupo taxonómico, se desconoce la diversidad de las condiciones edáficas en los hábitats naturales o sitios de cultivo. Objetivo. Caracterizar fisicoquímicamente los suelos en los sistemas productivos y poblaciones naturales de fique, para determinar los aspectos y factores que representan mejor su variabilidad. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se desarrolló entre los años 2013 y 2014, en 66 municipios y 108 veredas de 11 departamentos de Colombia. En los 121 sitios se registraron datos de pasaporte, que describen sus condiciones, incluida la georreferenciación. En cada localidad se tomaron muestras de suelo en los primeros 20 cm de profundidad y posteriormente se determinaron las siguientes variables: textura, pH, materia orgánica (OM), P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Al+H, CE, cationes de cambio Ca, Mg, K, Na, capacidad de intercambio cationico (CICE), Ca, Mg, K y Na. De acuerdo con la georreferenciación, se identificaron 52 zonas agroecológicas. Resultados. Se encontraron poblaciones ubicadas entre los 170 a 2993 m s.n.m. Los factores con mayor significancia fueron zona agroecológica y textura del suelo. Entre ellas, la textura fue el factor con mayor capacidad de formación de grupos y representó en 60,99 % de la variabilidad de los suelos muestreados. Las variables que más aportaron a la variabilidad de los suelos fueron (Ca+Mg) / K, Mg intercambiable, K / Mg, Ca intercambiable y CICE. Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos para poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas indican que los diferentes taxones sobreviven en condiciones edáficas diversas características del trópico. Los iones intercambiables tuvieron alto poder discriminante que podría indicar diversidad a las diferentes condiciones y niveles de fertilidad de los suelos colombianos.

Abstract Introduction. The fique, “cabuya” or “mecate” are the common names given to the species of the genus Furcraea that are used for the manufacture of biodegradable fibers. Their industrial and social importance in Latin American countries is significant since it is usually related to family and peasant economies. However, for this taxonomic group, the diversity of edaphic conditions in natural habitats or cultivation sites is unknown. Objective. To physicochemically characterize the soils in the productive systems and natural populations of fique, to determine the aspects and factors that best represent their variability. Materials and methods. The work was developed between 2013 and 2014, in 66 municipalities and 108 villages in 11 departments of Colombia. Passport data was recorded at the 121 sites visited, describing site conditions, including georeferencing. In each locality, soil samples were taken in the first 20 cm of depth and subsequently the following variables were determined: texture, pH, organic matter (OM), P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Al+H, CE, cations of change Ca, Mg, K, Na, cationic exchange capacity (ECEC), Ca, Mg, K, and Na. According to georeferencing, 52 agroecological zones were identified. Results. Populations located between 170 to 2,993 m.a.s.l. were found. The most significant factors were agroecological zone and soil texture. Among them, texture was the factor with the greatest capacity for group formation and represented 60.99 % of the variability of the sampled soils. The variables that most contribute to the variability of the soils were (Ca + Mg) / K, exchangeable Mg, K / Mg, exchangeable Ca, and ECEC. Conclusion. The results obtained for wild and cultivated populations indicate that the different taxa survive in diverse tropical soil conditions. It was found that the exchangeable ions had high discriminating power that could indicate diversity to the different conditions and fertility levels of Colombian soils.

ABSTRACT The forest of Araucaria araucana ("pewen" in Mapuche language), with its associated species of the genus Nothofagus, is unique from an evolutionary, biological and sociocultural point of view. Due to the interdependence and interrelation with the Mapuche-Pewenche people, it is considered a biocultural ecosystem. This work is a comprehensive binational review of current scientific information applicable to its management and conservation. The scientific community contributed with significant advances in the knowledge of: a) the interrelationships within and significance of this biocultural ecosystem; b) the regional genetic diversity; c) the fire regimen, its main drivers, its role in forest dynamics, and the recovery capacity of biodiversity in the face of different burn severities; d) the ecological role of seed production and its unusual interactions with granivorous fauna and cavity nesters; e) the decline and death of the canopy, due to environmental stress and the emergence of new pewen pathogens; f) the consequences of the invasion of pines and exotic mammals that alter the biological interactions and the original ecological processes, and g) the effects of cattle ranching and overexploitation of firewood and pine nuts on ecological integrity and biodiversity. This knowledge is considered essential to strengthen policies and strategies for protection, conservation, and management of this ecosystem, which is endemic, rare, regionally threatened, and globally declared endangered. Considering the identified problems, it is imperative to achieve social empowerment of the Mapuche-Pehuenche people, intercultural respect, and enforcing public policies for the conservation and sustainable use of these forests.

RESUMEN El bosque de Araucaria araucana (“pewén” en lengua Mapuche), con sus especies asociadas del género Nothofagus, es singular desde el punto de vista evolutivo, biológico y sociocultural. Por la interdependencia con el pueblo Mapuche-Pewenche, se lo considera un ecosistema biocultural. Este trabajo es una revisión integral binacional de información científica actualizada aplicable a su gestión y conservación. La comunidad científica avanzó significativamente en el conocimiento de: a) la interrelación y significancia del ecosistema biocultural; b) la diversidad genética regional; c) el régimen de incendios, sus factores determinantes, su rol en el bosque y la capacidad de recuperación de la biodiversidad frente a distintas severidades de quema; d) el rol ecológico de la producción de semillas y sus interacciones con la fauna granívora y nidificadora de cavidades; e) el decaimiento y muerte del dosel debido al estrés ambiental y al surgimiento de nuevos patógenos del pewén; f) las consecuencias de la invasión de pinos y de mamíferos exóticos que alteran las interacciones biológicas y los procesos ecológicos originales y; g) los efectos de la ganadería y la sobreexplotación de leña y piñones sobre la integridad ecológica y la biodiversidad. Este conocimiento se considera fundamental para fortalecer políticas y estrategias de protección, conservación y gestión de este ecosistema endémico, escaso, amenazado regional y globalmente declarado en peligro. Frente a las problemáticas identificadas, es imperioso lograr el empoderamiento social del pueblo Mapuche-Pehuenche, el respeto intercultural y la efectivización de las políticas públicas para la conservación y uso sustentable de este ecosistema biocultural.